home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03877}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{IGA Nephropathy}
- $Subject{IGA Nephropathy Berger's Disease Idiopathic Renal Hematuria Mesangial
- IGA Nephropathy Schonlein-Henoch Purpura SLE Nephritis }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 587:
- IGA Nephropathy
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (IGA Nephropathy) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Berger's Disease
- Idiopathic Renal Hematuria
- Mesangial IGA Nephropathy
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Schonlein-Henoch Purpura
- SLE Nephritis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- IGA Nephropathy is a kidney disorder occuring during childhood and young
- adulthood. It usually follows a viral infection of the upper respiratory or
- gastrointestinal tracts. The major symptom is the passing of blood in the
- urine (hematuria). There may be associated pain in the loin area.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The first recognizable symptom of IGA Nephropathy is bloody urine (hematuria)
- caused by inflammation of the kidney (acute nephritis or glomerulonephritis).
- There is often a mild loss of protein in the urine (proteinuria) with slowly
- progressive changes in the kidney. Pain in the loins may occur, but it is
- unusual for people with this condition to show signs of high blood pressure
- (hypertension) or swelling (edema) during the initial phase of the disease.
-
- Causes
-
- IGA Nephropathy usually occurs following flu-like (viral) infections of the
- upper respiratory tract or the gastrointestinal tract. This suggests it may
- be caused by a postinfectious process. There are some theories that the
- condition is an autoimmune disease because of the increase in the
- immunoglobulin IGA factor, but the mechanisms leading to glomerular immune
- deposit formation is unclear. Autoimmune disorders are caused when the
- body's natural defenses (antibodies) against invading organisms suddenly
- begin to attack healthy tissue.
-
- Affected Population
-
- IGA Nephropathy affects males two or three times more often than females. It
- usually occurs in adolescents or young adults between the ages of fifteen and
- thirty-five. It is one of the leading causes of acute nephritis in young
- people in the United States, Europe and Japan. IGA Nephropathy occurs
- significantly more often in American Indians than any other ethnic group
- tested. It is more prevalent in whites than in blacks. A study conducted in
- Finland showed an occurrence of approximately 94 cases detected annually per
- 100,000 young males tested upon induction into the military.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of IGA
- Nephropathy. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Schonlein-Henoch Purpura is one of a group of blood vessel disorders
- characterized by purplish or brownish-red discoloration of the skin. These
- spots may be large or small. Internal bleeding may occur in various areas of
- the body. This blood vessel disorder may affect the skin, joints,
- gastrointestinal system, kidneys, and in a very few cases, the central
- nervous system. Little is known about the cause of this form of purpura
- although it may be an allergic reaction which more often occurs in children
- than in adults. Some cases of Schonlein-Henoch characterized by joint
- disease without gastrointestinal problems are termed Schonlein's Purpura.
- Another form, characterized by acute abdominal symptoms without joint disease
- is known as Henoch's Purpura. This disorder runs a limited course with a
- good prognosis in most cases. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Purpura" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- SLE Nephritis is a kidney disease associated with Lupus. In severe cases
- of Lupus, the kidneys are involved and may lead to kidney (renal) failure.
- The following symptoms may occur in patients with Lupus: headache, swelling
- of the eye area (periorbital edema) and swelling (edema) of the face,
- abdomen, feet or legs, loss of appetite, weakness, development of excessive
- fatigue upon exertion, malaise or weariness, mental and personality changes,
- seizures, dizziness or fainting, pallor, shortness of breath, numbness of the
- extremities, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and visual abnormalities. Tests
- including urinalysis, blood serum BUN or creatinine, 24 hour creatinine
- clearance and/or quantitative protein excretion are useful in detecting SLE
- Nephritis. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Lupus" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- No specific treatment for IGA Nephropathy has been shown to be effective to
- all patients. Some patients have responded to oral steroid therapy
- especially in the early stages of the disease. Patients who have been
- treated with the corticosteroid drug, cyclophosamide, have experienced long-
- term remission of symptoms even after therapy was withdrawn. The disease may
- progress slowly for several decades and can lead to other kidney (renal)
- diseases such as renal insufficiency. Kidney transplantation has been
- successful in many persons, although some patients have an immunologic
- recurrence of disease in the new kidney.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The immunomodulator drug cyclosporin (sandimmune) may be an effective
- treatment for certain patients with relapsing nephropathy. However, if the
- drug is discontinued, most patients will relapse. Further studies will be
- needed to determine the long-term effectiveness and safety of this drug in
- treating Nephropathy.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through June
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on IGA Nephropathy, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- IGA Nephropathy Support Network
- 234 Summit Ave.
- Jenkintown, PA 19046
- (215) 884-9038
-
- National Kidney Foundation
- 2 Park Avenue
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 889-2210
- (800) 662-9010
-
- American Kidney Fund
- 6110 Executive Blvd., Suite 1010
- Rockville, MD 20852
- (301) 881-3052
- (800) 628-8299
- (800) 492-8361 (MD)
-
- National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NKUDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6345
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 841.
-
- STEROID THERAPY IN IGA NEPHROPATHY: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN HEAVY
- PROTEINURIC CASES. Y. Kobayaski, et al.; Nephron (1988, issue 48 (1)). Pp.
- 12-17.
-
- TONSILLAR DISTRIBUTION OF IGA AND IGG IMMUNOCYTES AND PRODUCTION OF IGA
- SUBCLASSES AND J CHAIN IN TONSILLITIS VARY WITH THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF IGA
- NEPHROPATHY. J. Nagy, et al.; Scand J Immunol (April, 1988, issue 27 (4)).
- Pp. 393-399.
-
- PROTEINURIA IN IGA NEPHROPATHY. K. Neelakantappa, et al.; Kidney Int
- (March, 1988, issue 33 (3)). Pp. 716-721.
-
- IGA NEPHROPATHY, THE MOST COMMON GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WORLDWIDE. A
- NEGLECTED DISEASE IN THE UNITED STATES? Am J Med (January, 1988, issue 84
- (1)). Pp. 129-132.
-
- CYCLOSPORIN IN THE TREATMENT OF STEROID-RESPONSIVE AND STEROID RESISTANT
- NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN ADULTS. E. Maher, et al.; NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPLANT,
- (1988; 3 (6)).
-
-